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1 ζειαί
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `one-sided wheat, spelt, Triticum monococcum' (Od., Hdt.), hell. and late also sg. ζειά (Thphr.), ζεά ( ζέα), -η (pap. IIIa, D. H.; Dsc. and Gal. as v. l.).Compounds: As 1. member in ζεί-δωρος `giving spelt (wheat)' (Il.; of ἄρουρα), ζεό-πυρον n. `kind of Triticum' (Gal.); as 2. member in φυσί-ζοος `producing wheat' (Hom., Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 67; of αἶα), Οἰσε-ζέα PN (Lesb.). Both as 1. and as 2. member ζει-, - ζοος were early (Emp., A.) associated with ζῆν, ζωή and understood as `lifegiving'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [512] *i̯eu̯h₁-`wheat, spelt'Etymology: Clearly to Skt. yáva-, Av. yava- m. `wheat etc.', Lith. pl. javaĩ `wheat', sg. jãvas. If the diphthong in ζειαί is real, we have to start from PGr. *ζεϜ-ι̯ᾰ (Sommer Lautstud. 153f., s. Schulze Q. 288 n. 4), so a ιᾰ-deriv. of IE. *i̯eu̯o- in Skt. yáva- etc. The monophthongal forms would be secondary. But if ζειαι has metric lengthening for ζε(Ϝ)αί (with the epic orthography retained in this prob. purely literary word), the Greek word agrees with the Indo-Iranian and Lithuanian word. The 2. member - ζο(Ϝ)ος (with regular ο-ablaut) speaks against a ι̯ᾰ-deriv. The 1. member ζει- may stand for ζε(Ϝ)ε- (from *i̯eu̯h₁-). Cf. δηαί. - Cf. Bq and WP., Pok. 512, Bechtel Lexilogus s. ζείδωρος, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 31.Page in Frisk: 1,608-609Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζειαί
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2 πῡρός
πῡρόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `(grain of) wheat' (Il.).Other forms: mostly pl. πῡροί (Schwyzer-Debr. 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2, 30), Dor. (Cos, Thera, Syracuse a.o.) σπυρός.Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυρο-φόρος `wheat-bearing' (Il.), διόσ-πυρον n. `the cherry-like fruit of Celtis australis' (Thphr.), - πυρος m. = λιθόσπερμον (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 128 a. 138); on the gender cf. βούτυρον, - ος (s.v.).Derivatives: Dimin. πυρίδια pl. n. (Ar., pap.); the adj. πύρ-ινος (E., X., hell.), - ικός (pap.), - ώδης (Str.), - άμινος (Hes. fr. 117 a.o.; after κυάμ-, σησάμ-ινος; Forbes Mnem. 4: 11, 157) `of wheat', - αμίς, - αμοῦς (s. v.); the subst. πυρ-ίτης ἄρτος `wheat-bread' (Aët.), αὑτο-πυρίτης (Phryn. Com., Hp.) = αὑτό-πυρος a. o. (Redard 90). -- Also πυρήν, - ῆνος m. `pip, stone of fruit' (Ion., Arist., hell.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 125f.) with ἀ-πύρην-ος `pitless' (Ar. Fr. 118, Thphr. etc.) a.o.; πυρην-ίς (Tanagra IIIa; wr. πουρεινις), - ιον (Thphr.), - ίδιον (Delos IIIa, pap.) `kernel, knag, knob'; also πυρην-άδες f. pl. n. of guild in Ephesos (inscr.); - ώδης `pit-like' (Thphr.).Etymology: Old designation of wheat, which is also retained in Balto-Slav., e.g. Lith. pūraĩ pl. `winter corn', sg. pũras m. `single corn of winter corn', SCr. pȉr m. `spelt', Russ.-CSl. pyro ' ὄλυρα, κέγχρος', Russ. pyréj `dog-grass, Triticum repens'; to this from Germ. OE fyrs `dog-grass' (deviating stem; cf. Specht Ursprung 69). Skt. pūraḥ m. `cake' remains far (Mayrhofer KEWA s.v. w. lit.). On the facts Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 647. -- Anlaut. σ- in σπυρός perh. from σῖτος or from σπόρος, σπέρμα (Fraenkel Phil. 97, 169 f., IF 59, 304 f.). Further forms w. lit. in Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; also WP. 2, 83 and Pok. 850. -- Orig. old `Wanderwort' (Schwyzer 58 n. 3 with Güntert a.o.)? After Nieminen KZ 74, 170f. as "what is beaten, what is threshed" to IE * pēu-, pǝu- (Pok. 827) `beat, hew cutting' in Lith. piáuti `cut, mow', Lat. paviō `beat'; worth considering.Page in Frisk: 2,631Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡρός
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3 κριθή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `barley-corns', usu. pl. `barley' (Il.); also metaph. = `pustule on the eyelid' (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of κριθή, πυρός, σῖτος Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.Other forms: Short form κρῖ n., s. below.Compounds: Compp., e.g. κριθό-πυρον n. `mix of barley and wheat' (pap.; cf. on διόσπυρον), εὔκριθος `rich in barley' (Theoc., AP). --Derivatives: Diminut.: κριθίον (Luc., Longos), κριθίδιον, also `decoction of barley' (Hp., Posidon.), κριθάριον (pap.). Further substantives: κριθαία `barley-soup' (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after ἁλμαία a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); κριθανίας m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside σιτανίας; after νεανίας? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: κρίθινος `of barley' (Ion., hell.), κριθάμινος `id.' (Polyaen.; after σησάμινος), κριθικός `consisting of barley' (pap.), κριθώδης `like barley, full of barley-corns' (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: κριθάω `feed oneself with barley' (A., S.), also κριθιάω (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732) with κριθίασις `surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley' (X.); κριθίζω `feed with barley' (Aesop., Babr.). - GN Κριθώτη (- ωτή) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname Κρίθων (H.) from κριθή = πόσθη (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The enlarged form κριθ-ή points to an original root noun *κρῑθ, from where ep. κρῖ n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect κρῖ with the western words for `barley', Lat. hordeum, OHG gersta, which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for hordeum and Gerste supposed basic forms, IE. *ghr̥zd(h)-, resp. * gherzd-, would have given Gr. *χραζ- or *χρασθ- \> *κρασθ-, resp. *χερδ- (*χερθ- \> *κερθ-). κρι agrees better with Alb. drith, -ë `barley, wheat', of which - ri- may come from IE. -r̥-. Also Arm. gari, gen. garwoy `wheat' (formally = IE. *ghr̥i̯o-) reminds of κρῖ; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. qeri `barley', cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether κρῖ goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse κρι in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE grotan, Engl. groats), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. hordeum; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form *krīt.Page in Frisk: 2,18-19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κριθή
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4 αλεύρω
ἄλευρονwheat-meal: neut nom /voc /acc dualἄλευρονwheat-meal: neut gen sg (doric aeolic)——————ἄλευρονwheat-meal: neut dat sg -
5 σταχυοειδή
σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric) -
6 σταχυοειδῆ
σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)σταχυοειδήςspiked like an ear of wheat: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric) -
7 πυρός
A wheat, Triticum vulgare, μελίφρονα, μελιηδέα πυρόν, Il.8.188, 10.569; κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν ground it, Od.20.109; given to geese, 19.536: pl., with other grains, ;πυροὶ καὶ κριθαί 9.110
, 19.112, cf. Il.11.69, IG12.76.38, al., Hdt.2.36, 4.33, Ar.V. 1405, Pax 1145, Av. 580, Th.6.22, D.19.145, Thphr.HP8.4.3, Dsc.2.85, etc.3 π. ἄγριος,= χελιδόνιον τὸ μικρόν, Dsc.2.181. (Cf. Lith. pūraĩ (pl.) 'wheat', and perh. πυρήν.) -
8 πῡραμίς
πῡραμίς, - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: 1. `pyramid' (Hdt. a.o.). 2. `kind of cake of roasted wheat-grains preserved in honey' (Ephipp.), mostly πυραμοῦς, - οῦντος m. (Ar., Ephipp., Call. a.o.), also πυραμοί pl. m. (Artem.); after H. πύραμος also = χόρτος.Derivatives: Besides πυράμη f. `sickle' (sch.), backformation from πυρᾱμητός m. `wheat-harvest' (Arist. a.o.). πυραμιδο-ειδής `pyramidal' (Epicur.), usu. haplolog. πυραμο-ειδής `id.' (Thphr. a.o.), - ιδικός `id.' (Iamb.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: In the sense of `cake' from πυρός `wheat' after σησαμ-ίς, - οῦς. After Diels KZ 47, 193 ff. (w. lit. and uncorrect formal analysis) the Egypt. pyramids were named after the (though unknown) form of the cake; on this Kretschmer Glotta 10, 243.Page in Frisk: 2,629Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡραμίς
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9 σῖτος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: pl. σῖτα n.Dialectal forms: Myc. sito.Compounds: Numerous compp., e.g. σιτ-αγωγός `conveying corn' (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Chantraine Études 91); σιτ-ηρέσιον n. `provision of grain, (money for) victualling, pay' (X., D., hell. a. late), prob. with suppression of the intermediate member for - σιτ-ὑπ-ηρέσιον to τὸν σῖτον ( τὰ σιτία) ὑπηρετεῖν (slightly diff. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190); σύσ-σιτος m. `table companion, messmate' (Thgn. etc.) with συσσίτ-ια pl., - ία, - ικός, - έω, - ησις.Derivatives: Many derivv.: subst. 1. σιτία pl. (rare - ίον sg.) n. `bread, fare, provision', also `corn' (IA. prose, com.); 2. dimin. σιτ-άριον n. `corn, bread' (Hp., pap.); 3. - ανίας ( πυρός) m. `kind of wheat' (Thphr.; beside κριθανίας [s. κριθή]; coubted by Kroll AmJPh. 60, 107); 4. - ώματα pl. `provision' (pap. IIp; - ώματα enlarged Chantraine Form. 186f.); 5. - ών, - ῶνος m. `granary, cornfield' (Roussel Mél. Navarre 375 ff.; Plu. a. o.); 6. -ώ f. surn. of Demeter (hell. a. late). Adj. 7. σιτ-ηρός (Hp., Arist. etc.); 8. - ικός (hell. a. late); 9. - ινος (late) `concerning the corn'; 10. - αῖα pl. n. `corn interest' (Olymos); 11. - ώδης `cornlike', τὰ σιτώδη `corn' (Thphr. etc.). Verbs 12. σιτ-έομαι, also w. κατα- a. o., `to feed' (ω 209 [ σιτέσκοντο]) with - ησις f. `(public) maintenance' (IA.); 13. - εύω, - εύομαι `to feed, to supply' (Hdt., hell. a. late) with - ευτός (X. etc.), - ευσις, - εύσιμος, - ευτής, - εία (hell. a. late); 14. - ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. ἐπι-, `id.' with ἐπι- σῖτος ισμός `victualling' (X., D. etc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As opposed to πυρός and κριθή without convincing etymology. Often as LW [loanword] from an other IE language explained: 1. to Slav., e.g. Russ. žíto `corn', OPr. geits `bread' (Wiedemann BB 27, 213 n.); 2. to the Germ. word for `wheat', Goth. hvaiteis etc., i.e. from a northerly satemlanguage (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. 3, 51 n. 2). Diff. Hubschmid Sardische Stud. (Bern 1953) 104: like ἄρτος substratum word, to Basque zitu `corn, harvest'; Schott Festschr. Hirt 2, 47 (with Hemmel in Lewy Fremdw. 81 A.): to Sumer. zid `flour'; Maccarrone Arch. glottol. it. 31, 103ff.: from Egypt. sw.t `corn' (orig. Semit.). -- Not to ψίω `grind, masticate', ψίξ `crumb' (Prellwitz, Fick BB 28, 108).Page in Frisk: 2,711-712Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῖτος
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10 Πυρωνίας
Πυρωνίᾱς, Πυρώνιοςfem acc plΠυρωνίᾱς, Πυρώνιοςfem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)Πυρωνίᾱς, Πυρωνίαpresiding over the purchase of wheat: fem acc plΠυρωνίᾱς, Πυρωνίαpresiding over the purchase of wheat: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic) -
11 Τίφα
Τίφᾱ, Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem nom /voc /acc dual (doric)Τίφᾱ, Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic) -
12 Τίφαι
Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem nom /voc pl (doric)Τίφᾱͅ, Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem dat sg (doric aeolic) -
13 Τίφας
Τίφᾱς, Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem acc pl (doric)Τίφᾱς, Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem gen sg (doric aeolic) -
14 Τίφη
Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)——————Τίφηone-grained wheat: fem dat sg (attic epic doric ionic) -
15 αλίξαντον
ἁλίξαντοςgroats of rice-wheat: masc /fem acc sgἁλίξαντοςgroats of rice-wheat: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
16 ἁλίξαντον
ἁλίξαντοςgroats of rice-wheat: masc /fem acc sgἁλίξαντοςgroats of rice-wheat: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
17 εκλούει
ἐκ-λούωlǎvo: pres ind mp 2nd sgἐκ-λούωlǎvo: pres ind act 3rd sgἐκ-λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic)ἐκ-λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: pres imperat act 2nd sg (attic epic)ἐκ-λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic) -
18 ἐκλούει
ἐκ-λούωlǎvo: pres ind mp 2nd sgἐκ-λούωlǎvo: pres ind act 3rd sgἐκ-λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic)ἐκ-λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: pres imperat act 2nd sg (attic epic)ἐκ-λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic) -
19 ελούεον
λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic aeolic)λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 1st sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic aeolic)λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 1st sg (epic doric ionic aeolic) -
20 ἐλούεον
λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic aeolic)λούωlǎvo: imperf ind act 1st sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic aeolic)λουέωgruel made of wheat-meal: imperf ind act 1st sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)
См. также в других словарях:
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Wheat — (hw[=e]t), n. [OE. whete, AS. hw[=ae]te; akin to OS. hw[=e]ti, D. weit, G. weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth. hwaiteis, and E. white. See {White}.] (Bot.) A cereal grass ({Triticum vulgare}) and its grain, which… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Wheat aphid — Wheat Wheat (hw[=e]t), n. [OE. whete, AS. hw[=ae]te; akin to OS. hw[=e]ti, D. weit, G. weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth. hwaiteis, and E. white. See {White}.] (Bot.) A cereal grass ({Triticum vulgare}) and its grain … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Wheat beetle — Wheat Wheat (hw[=e]t), n. [OE. whete, AS. hw[=ae]te; akin to OS. hw[=e]ti, D. weit, G. weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth. hwaiteis, and E. white. See {White}.] (Bot.) A cereal grass ({Triticum vulgare}) and its grain … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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